Mishnah
Mishnah

Talmud su Pirkei Avoth 1:6

יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן פְּרַחְיָה וְנִתַּאי הָאַרְבֵּלִי קִבְּלוּ מֵהֶם. יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בֶּן פְּרַחְיָה אוֹמֵר, עֲשֵׂה לְךָ רַב, וּקְנֵה לְךָ חָבֵר, וֶהֱוֵי דָן אֶת כָּל הָאָדָם לְכַף זְכוּת:

Yehoshuah ben Prachya e Nitai Ha'arbeli lo ricevettero da loro. Yehoshua ben Prachya dice: crea un insegnante per te stesso. [Rambam spiega: anche se non è adatto per essere il tuo insegnante, rendilo comunque il tuo insegnante e non imparare da solo. E ho sentito: "Crea un insegnante per te stesso" da cui apprendi costantemente e non impari oggi dall'uno e domani dall'altro. E anche se hanno detto (Avodah Zarah 19a): "Se uno impara la Torah da un solo maestro, non vede mai un segno di benedizione", hanno già spiegato: Questo è vero per svara (affilando la dialettica dopo che la "sostanza" ha stato acquisito), essendo benefico per qualcuno ascoltare lo svara dei molti; ma nella gemara (acquisizione della "sostanza" stessa), è preferibile un maestro, per evitare differenze nelle formulazioni della stessa (apprendimenti orali)] e acquisire un amico per te stesso, [anche se è molto costoso per te farlo e devi spendere molto per acquisire il suo amore. Ma non si può affermare "Acquisisci un insegnante per te stesso", un insegnante obbligato a insegnare gratuitamente] e giudicare ogni uomo in base al merito. [È così quando l'atto è in bilico, non essendo distinguibile dalle sue azioni se è giusto o malvagio e compie un'azione che gli permette di giudicarlo nella scala del merito o in quella della colpa; è il modo della gentilezza amorevole di giudicarlo in base al merito. Ma se si è confermati nel male, è permesso giudicarlo in base alla colpa, avendo dichiarato solo (Shabbath 97a): "Se si sospetta l'innocente viene colpito nel suo corpo", sottintendendo che se sospetta il malvagio non è colpito.]

Avot D'Rabbi Natan

(Another interpretation:) Why did Israel weep for Aaron for thirty days? [(Both women and men.)] Because he always judged fairly. How do we know this? For he never said to a man or woman: You have disgraced yourself. That is why it says that the entire House of Israel wept for him. But with Moses, who would chastise them with harsh words, it merely says (Deuteronomy 34:8), “The children of Israel wept for Moses.” And also, how many thousands in Israel were named after Aaron! Because if not for Aaron, they would never have come into the world. For he would bring peace between husband and wife, and then they would come back together, and would name their first child after him. But there are those who say that the reason the entire House of Israel wept for him for thirty days is because anyone who saw Moses our teacher sitting and weeping, how could they not weep? (And some say:) Anyone who saw Elazar and Pinchas, the two high priests, standing and crying, how could they not weep?
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Avot D'Rabbi Natan

Rabbi Hanina ben Dosa would say: Anyone whose fear of sin precedes his wisdom, his wisdom will endure, as it says (Psalms 111:10), “The beginning of wisdom is fear of the Eternal.” He would also say: Anyone whose actions are greater [than his wisdom, his wisdom will endure], as it says (Exodus 24:7), “We will do, and then we will understand.”
They asked Rabban Yohanan ben Zakkai: A wise person who fears sin – what is he like? He replied: Like a craftsman with his tool in hand. Then they asked: A wise person who does not fear sin – what is he like? He replied: Like a craftsman who does not have his tool in hand. Then they asked: A person who fears sin but is not wise – what is he like? He replied: Like someone who does not know the craft, but has a tool in his hand.
Rabbi Elazar ben Azariah would say: If there is no Torah, there is no common decency. [If there is no common decency, there is no Torah.] He would also say: A person who has done good deeds, and has learned a lot of Torah – what is he like? Like a tree that stands near the water, whose branches are small, but whose roots are so strong that even if the four winds of the world all came and blew at it, it could not be moved from its place, as it says (Psalms 1:3), “He is like a tree planted by (streams of) water.” But a person who has not done good deeds and studies Torah, what is he like? Like a tree that stands in the desert, with small branches and small roots, and when a wind comes and blows at it, it uproots it and flips it over on its top, as it says (Jeremiah 17:6), “You will be like a bush in the desert.”
Rabban Gamliel would say: Make for yourself a teacher. Acquire for yourself a friend. A teacher for wisdom and a friend to study with. Remove yourself from all doubts, and do not get used to tithing by estimation.
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